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Acute pancreatitis or acute pancreatic necrosis is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas. It can have severe complications and high mortality despite treatment. While mild cases are often successfully treated with conservative measures, such as fasting and aggressive intravenous fluid rehydration, severe cases may require admission to the intensive care unit or even surgery to deal with complications of the disease process. == Symptoms and signs == The most common symptoms and signs include: *severe epigastric pain (upper abdominal pain) radiating to the back in 50% of cases *nausea *vomiting *loss of appetite *fever *chills (shivering) *hemodynamic instability, including shock *tachycardia (rapid heartbeat) *respiratory distress *peritonitis *hiccup Signs that are less common, and indicate severe disease, include: *Grey-Turner's sign (hemorrhagic discoloration of the flanks) *Cullen's sign (hemorrhagic discoloration of the umbilicus) *Pleural effusions (fluid in the bases of the pleural cavity) * Grünwald sign (appearance of ecchymosis, large bruise, around the umbilicus due to local toxic lesion of the vessels) * Körte's sign (pain or resistance in the zone where the head of pancreas is located (in epigastrium, 6–7 cm above the umbilicus)) * Kamenchik's sign (pain with pressure under the xiphoid process) * Mayo-Robson's sign (pain while pressing at the top of the angle lateral to the Erector spinae muscles and below the left 12th rib (left costovertebral angle (CVA))〔http://max.1gb.ru/surg/s16_pract.shtml〕 * Mayo-Robson's point - a point on border of inner 2/3 with the external 1/3 of the line that represents the bisection of the left upper abdominal quadrant, where tenderness on pressure exists in disease of the pancreas. At this point the tail of pancreas is projected on the abdominal wall.〔http://www.sgmu.ru/edu/learn/student/eman/pediatrics/investigation/digestion.pdf〕〔Пропедевтика детских болезней с уходом за детьми, Капитан Т.В., 2006, page 290〕 Other conditions to consider are: *Pancreatic pseudocyst *Pancreatic dysfunction (diabetes mellitus; malabsorption due to exocrine failure) *Pancreatic cancer Although these are common symptoms, they are not always present. Simple abdominal pain may be the sole symptom. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「acute pancreatitis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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